Factores asociados a las anomalías congénitas de los niños que evolucionaron hacia la mortalidad infantil
estudio brasileño basado en la población
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v30i0.100529ptPalabras clave:
Salud Infantil, Anomalías Congénitas, Mortalidad Infantil, Factores de Riesgo, Factores SocioeconómicosResumen
Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a las muertes infantiles por anomalías congénitas en Brasil entre 2011 y 2020.
Método: Estudio poblacional con datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad, incluyendo todas las muertes infantiles por anomalías congénitas. Se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas maternas y las características del feto, del embarazo, del parto y de la muerte, ajustando el modelo de regresión múltiple de Poisson.
Resultados: Aumento del riesgo de muerte por anomalía congénita: edad materna entre 35 y 40 años (RR: 1,30; 1,25-1,36) y más de 41 años (RR; 2,03; 1,91-2,16), residir en las regiones del norte (RR: 1,29; 1,21-1,37), Nordeste (RR: 1,22; 1,16-1,29), Centro-oeste (RR: 1,16; 1,09-1,24) y Sudeste (RR: 1,16; 1,10-1,22), nacer por cesárea (RR; 1,56; 1,51-1,62) y edad gestacional entre 32 y 36 semanas (RR; 1,18; 1,15-1,23).
Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian desigualdades regionales y factores obstétricos que influyen en las muertes infantiles por anomalías congénitas, lo que apunta a la necesidad de prestar atención a la atención prenatal cualificada.
Citas
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Congenital disorders. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2023 Feb 27 [cited 2024 May 10];Newsroom:[about 7 screens]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/birth-defects/
2. Zolfizadeh F, Ghorbani M, Soltani M, Rezaeian S, Rajabi A, Etemad K, et al. Factors associated with infant mortality due to congenital anomalies: a population-based case-control study. Iran J Public Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 7];51(5):1118-24 Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9643240/
3. Ministério da Saúde (BR). Análise da situação epidemiológica das anomalias congênitas no Brasil, 2010 a 2021. Boletim Epidemiológico [Internet]. 2023 Feb 27 [cited 2024 Jun 7];54(3):1-26. Available from: http://plataforma.saude.gov.br/anomalias-congenitas/boletim-epidemiologico-SVS-54-2023.pdf
4. Anane-Fenin B, Opoku DA, Chauke L. Prevalence, pattern, and outcome of congenital anomalies admitted to a neonatal unit in a low-income country: a ten-year retrospective study. Matern Child Health J [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Jun 20];27:837-49. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03591-x
5. Naibzai, ZK, Buzdar AA, Khalid M, Fatima N, Khalid N, Khan Z. Prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations among neonates in the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 20];16(10):372-Available from: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610372
6. Luz GDS, Karam SM, Dumith SC. Congenital anomalies in Rio Grande do Sul State: a time series analysis. Rev Bras Epidemiol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 May 17];22:e190040. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190040
7. de Lima ID, Araújo AA, Medeiros WMC, Rodrigues JM, Feitosa MM, da Silva RB, et al. Perfil dos óbitos por anomalias congênitas no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte no período de 2006 a 2013. Rev Ciênc Méd Biol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 May 17];16(1):52-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v16i1.17422
8. Breilh J. Critical epidemiology and the people’s health. New York: Oxford Academic; 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 19]. 280 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190492786.001.0001
9. Cuschieri S. The STROBE guidelines. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Aug 23];13(5)(Suppl 1):S31-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_543_18
10. Barbosa JS, Tartaro L, Vasconcelos LR, Nedel M, Serafini JF, Svirski SGS, et al. Assessment of incompleteness of mortality information system records on deaths from external causes in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2000-2019. Epidemiol Serv Saúde [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 19];32(2):e2022301. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000200006
11. World Health Organization (WHO). List of official ICD-10 updates [Internet]. [Geneva]: WHO; 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 22]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/A30
12. Ko HS, Kim DJ, Chung Y, Wie JH, Choi SK, Park IY, et al. A national cohort study evaluating infant and fetal mortality caused by birth defects in Korea. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Sep 22];7(11):e017963. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017963
13. Singh GK, Yu SM. Infant mortality in the United States, 1915-2017: large social inequalities have persisted for over a century. Int J MCH AIDS [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jun 7];8(1):19-31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.271
14. Carmo LBV, Neves LFC, Barrueco MC, Colombo RR, de Sousa RT, Nezu VK, et al. Malformações congênitas e mortalidade infantil: Análise transversal descritiva. Coorte [ Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 7];(12):72-82 Available from: https://doi.org/10.52908/coorte.v0i12.187
15. Ahn D, Kim J, Kang J, Kim YH, Kim K. Congenital anomalies and maternal age: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Sep 19];101(5):484-98 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14339
16. Reis LC, Kaizer WL, Boquett JA. Geographic distribution of live births and infant mortality from congenital anomalies in Brazil, 2012-2017. J Community Genet [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Sep 19];12:377-86 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-021-00509-4
17. Vanassi BM, Parma GC, Magalhaes VS, dos Santos ACC, Iser BPM. Congenital anomalies in Santa Catarina: case distribution and trends in 2010–2018. Rev Paul Pediatr [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 May 10];40:e2020331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2020331
18. Tan J, Glinianaia SV, Rankin J, Pierini A, Santoro M, Coi A, et al. Risk factors for mortality in infancy and childhood in children with major congenital anomalies: a european population-based cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 19];37(8):679-690. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.13010
19. Morris JK, Loane M, Wahlich C, Tan J, Baldacci S, Ballardini E, et al. Hospital care in the first 10 years of life of children with congenital anomalies in six european countries: data from the EUROlinkCAT cohort linkage study. Arch Dis Child [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 19];109(5):402-8 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-326557
20. Staniczek J, Manasar-Dyrbuś M, Rybak-Krzyszkowska M, Kondracka A, Orszulak D, Niziński K, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between young maternal age and fetal abnormalities. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 19];14:22562. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74015-1
21. Çaylan N, Yalçin SS, Tezel B, Üner O, Aydin Ş, Kara F. Investigation of infant deaths associated with critical congenital heart diseases; 2018-2021, Türkiye. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Sep 19];24:441. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17966-4
22. Das M, Bhoktiari M, Rahman M, Kotoky N, Basumatary LJ, Kashyap MP. Gross congenital anomalies at birth in Northeast India - a retrospective observational study. J Clin Diagn Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 19];17(4):SC06-SC10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2023/63034.17970
23. Bronberg RA, Dipierri JE. Infant mortality due to congenital malformations in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (1998-2015): Spatial, temporal analysis and relation to the socioeconomic status. Arch Argent Pediatr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 May 17];117(3):171-8. Available from: https://www.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2019.eng.171
24. Gonçalves MKS, Cardoso MD, Lima RAF, de Oliveira CM, do Bonfim CV. Prevalence and factors associated with congenital malformations in live births. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 Jun 7];34:eAPE00852. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2021AO00852
25. Kamla I, Kamgaing N, Billong S, Tochie JN, Tolefac P, de Paul Djientcheu V. Antenatal and postnatal diagnoses of visible congenital malformations in a sub-Saharan African setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study. BMC Pediatr [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 May 21];19:457. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1831-x
26. Cavalcante MS, Silva GG, Rocha ÉS, da Silva JB, Coimbra TR, Carvalho ACA, et al. Caracterização dos óbitos por malformações congênitas no sistema nervoso entre 2000 e 2017 no Brasil. J Manag Prim Health Care [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jun 7];12:e42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14295/jmphc.v12.988
27. Almli LM, Ely DM, Ailes EC, Abouk R, Grosse SD, Isenburg JL, et al. Infant mortality attributable to birth defects - United States, 2003–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 May 21];69(2):25-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6902a1
28. Cecile NM, waKumwimba M, Romain NS, Dressen I, Hugues LK, Pascal K, et al. Clinically visible congenital birth defects, case of the Kenya health district in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. OAlib [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jun 7];6(5):e5440. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105440
29. Sedighi I, Nouri S, Sabzehei MK, Sangestani M, Mohammadi Y, Amiri J, et al. Determining the risk factors of congenital anomalies of newborns in Hamadan province. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Sep 19];11(2):e90907. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.90907
30. Schwartz BN, Evans FJ, Burns KM, Kaltman JR. Social inequities impact infant mortality due to congenital heart disease. Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Sep 19];224:66-73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.021
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ana Carolina de Castro Ribeiro, Renata Leite Alves de Oliveira, Ana Beatriz Henrique Parenti, Anna Paula Ferrari, Ana Paula Pinho Carvalheira, Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cogitare Enfermagem se reserva el derecho de realizar, en el artículo publicado, cambios de orden normativa, ortográfica y gramatical con el fin de mantener el estándar culto del idioma, respetando, sin embargo, el estilo de los autores.
El estudio publicado es de total responsabilidad del(os) autor(es), siendo exclusivamente responsabilidad de Cogitare Enfermagem la evaluación del manuscrito, en calidad de vehículo de publicación científica.
No se permitirá la adición o cambio de autoría durante la etapa de evaluación o después de la aceptación del texto presentado.
Cogitare Enfermagem no se responsabiliza por posibles violaciones a la Ley Nº 9.610/1998, Ley Brasileña de Derechos de Autor. Cogitare Enfermagem permite que el autor retenga los derechos de autor de los artículos aceptados para su publicación, sin restricciones.
