Ethical Aspects

Publishing Ethics

Cogitare Enfermagem adopts the recommendations of the codes of ethical conduct published by the Committee on Publication Ethics – COPE (https://publicationethics.org/), which will be taken into consideration in cases of retractions, corrections, plagiarism, and other infractions related to research ethics and integrity.

Combating Plagiarism and Undeclared Use of Artificial Intelligence Assistance

“Violation of copyright is a crime under Article 184 of the Penal Code, with penalties ranging from fines to four years' imprisonment, depending on the extent and manner in which the author's rights were violated. In addition to the penalties mentioned above and academic demoralization, plagiarists will be subject to civil sanctions, such as public retraction and monetary compensation for moral and/or property damage, and administrative sanctions, which may include expulsion/dismissal from the institution in the case of students, and dismissal in the case of teachers/researchers.”.

The plagiarism policies adopted by Cogitare Enfermagem are based on clarification and definition of intellectual property, aiming to encourage quality publication and curb the practice of plagiarism. These will directly impact manuscripts submitted for evaluation..

When Cogitare Enfermagem receives a manuscript submitted by an author, it is analyzed by CopySpider® and/or iThenticate® anti-plagiarism software. After analysis and detection of up to 15% plagiarism, as indicated by the software, the Cogitare Enfermagem team will ask the author to rewrite it and cite the original source. If the plagiarism is extensive, above 16%, the manuscript will be rejected, and both the authors and their institutions will be notified. We believe that this practice, although punitive, is also educational and will assist in the preparation of new manuscripts.

If plagiarism is detected during the peer-review process, during the evaluation stages by reviewers or editors, the measures mentioned above will also be applied. When plagiarism is detected after the article has been published, Cogitare Enfermagem will notify and publish the infringement committed by means of a note from the Editor published in the same edition in which the manuscript was published.

As for authorship, authors must specify on the identification page (download) the type of individual contribution they made during the preparation of the article. According to the criteria established by the ICMJE available at: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html

In cases where the software identifies the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies (LLMs, chatbots, or image generators) and this content is not cited or declared in accordance with the AI-Assisted Technology Disclosure Policy, the manuscript will be rejected.

[1]Excerpt taken from the booklet Academic Plagiarism: understanding it to combat it. Available at: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/inca/plagio_academico.pdf

Ethics and Misconduct Policy, Errata and Retraction

Articles submitted to Cogitare Enfermagem must comply with its editorial policy and instructions to authors, as well as the guidelines of the EQUATOR Network http://www.equator-network.org the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) - http://publicationethics.org the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors http://www.icmje.org as well as the Good Practice Guide: https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Guia-de-Boas-Praticas-para-o-Fortalecimento-da-Etica-na-Publicacao-Cientifica.pdf.

The article must be submitted exclusively to Cogitare Enfermagem and must not be submitted to any other journal. It must be published in full in Portuguese, English and Spanish.

Any additions and modifications to the submitted text should only be made before acceptance of the manuscript and only if approved by the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor will only consider additions and modifications to the text in exceptional circumstances after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. No additions or changes of authorship will be allowed during the evaluation stage or after acceptance of the submitted text.

The article already published in Cogitare Enfermagem, in which the misconduct is identified, will remain indexed in the journal's database as retracted. The procedure for registering the retraction of an article published in Cogitare Enfermagem will begin once a formal communication has been sent to the journal's Editor-in-Chief (e-mail: luciana.nogueira@ufpr.br). The communication must be accompanied by the retraction text stating the reasons why the article will be retracted, by the Guide for the registration and publication of retractions (available at: guia_retratacao.pdf (scielo.org).

TIn the event of the need for an erratum, if they do not constitute misconduct, they should be made by the guide for the registration and publication of Errata (available at: (available at: guia_errata.pdf (scielo.org).

It should be noted that when there is a need for rectification, correction and/or retraction, the author(s) must pay a fee of R$ 500.00 (five hundred reais) for Brazilians and U$ 100.00 (one hundred dollars) for foreigners.

Conflict of Interest Policy

Conflicts of research interests are understood to occur when one or more of the participants in Conflicts of research interests are understood to occur when one or more of the participants in the process, be they the researchers or even the editor and/or reviewer of the journal in which the study will eventually be published, have links with institutions or interests that could jeopardize the fairness of the research or restrict their competence and impartiality in evaluating it [1].

Concerning Conflict of Interest, Cogitare Enfermagem requires authors to sign the submission document during the submission process (download). It includes a declaration of responsibility, copyright transfer, authorship contribution, and disclosure of any conflicts of interest. Completion and signature by all authors are mandatory for submission.

Editors and reviewers are also required to disclose whether any conflicts of interest exist. If a conflict is identified, they must recuse themselves from both the review and editorial processing of the manuscript. Editors and reviewers are prohibited from participating in the evaluation or editorial handling of manuscripts related to their own institutions or involving authors with whom they share a research network.

[1] Alves EMO, Tubino P. Conflito de interesses em pesquisa clínica. Acta Cir Bras [Internet]. 2007;22(5):412-5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502007000500015

Adoption of software to check similarity

The plagiarism policies adopted by Cogitare Enfermagem are based on clarifying and defining intellectual property, to encourage quality publication and curb the practice of plagiarism. These will have a direct impact on the manuscripts submitted for evaluation.

When Cogitare Enfermagem receives the manuscript submitted by the author, it will be analyzed by CopySpider® and/or Ithenticate® plagiarism software. After analysis and detection of up to 15% plagiarism by the software, the Cogitare Enfermagem team will ask the author to rewrite the manuscript and cite the source. If the plagiarism is more than 16% higher than the stipulated minimum, the manuscript will be rejected, and both the authors and their institutions will be notified. We believe that this practice, although punitive, is also educational and will help in the preparation of new manuscripts.

If plagiarism is detected in the peer review process or if it is extensive, the author will be asked to rewrite the manuscript and cite the source. When plagiarism is detected after the article has been published, Cogitare Enfermagem will notify and publish the infraction using an Editor's note published in the same issue in which the manuscript was published.

Sex and Gender Issues

Cogitare Enfermagem follows the principles of the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER). Therefore, the terms sex (a biological attribute) and gender (shaped by social and cultural circumstances) [2] should be used with care, respecting the principles of the guideline, to avoid confusion in their use.

[2] Heidari S, Babor TF, Castro PD, Tort S, Curno M. Equidade de sexo e gênero na pesquisa: fundamentação das diretrizes SAGER e uso recomendado. Epidemiol Serv Saúde [Internet]. 2017;26(3):665-76. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000300025

Research Ethics Committee Involving Human Subjects

Authors must explicitly state in articles resulting from research or experience reports involving human subjects whether the procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, revised in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996, 2000, and 2008), in addition to complying with the specific legislation (if any) of the country in which the research was carried out. Original articles resulting from research carried out in Brazil, indicate compliance with National Health Council Resolution No. 466 of 12/12/12, as well as Law No. 14,874, dated May 28, 2024, which establishes the principles, guidelines, and regulations for conducting research involving human subjects by public or private institutions, and which institutes the National System of Ethics in Research with Human Beings.

which establishes the principles, guidelines, and regulations for conducting research involving human subjects by public or private institutions, and which institutes the National System of Ethics in Research with Human Beings.

In articles resulting from research involving human beings, the authors must state in the text that the project has been approved by a Research Ethics Committee and specify the Committee's approval number, as well as send a copy of the approval opinion (as supplementary documents). It is emphasized that all research participants (or their legal representatives) must provide informed consent to participate in the study, by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form, and their anonymity must be preserved.

Clinical trial articles must provide the identification number of one of the World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Trial registries, validated by the criteria established by the WHO and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors - ICMJE (ICMJE | Home). Clinical trials registered with at least one of the following entities will therefore be accepted: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number -ISRCTN Registry; UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR); WHO International Clinical Trials Registry https:/https://www.who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform and the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) ensaiosclinicos.gov.br.

Copyright

Cogitare Enfermagem allows the author to hold the copyright of articles accepted for publication, without restriction.

Authors retain the copyright of their work, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution license, which allows articles to be reused and distributed without restriction, if the original work is correctly cited.

The journal holds the rights of first publication, and its total or partial reprinting, deposition, or republishing is subject to the indication of first publication in the journal, using the CC-BY license.

Intellectual property and terms of use

Author's responsibility:

The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.

The articles published are licensed under the Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0 – The attribution adopted by Cogitare Enfermagem is permitted:

- Share - copy and redistribute the material in any media or format.

- Adapt - remix, transform and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

- Attribution - You must give proper credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes have been made. You may do this in any reasonable way, but not in a way that suggests that the licensor endorses it or approves of its use.

- No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing something that the license allows.

Responsibility of the Site:

Cogitare Enfermagem reserves the right to make normative, orthographic, and grammatical changes to the published article to maintain the cultured standard of the language while respecting the authors' style.

The published study is the sole responsibility of the author(s), and Cogitare Enfermagem is exclusively responsible for evaluating the manuscript, as a vehicle for scientific publication. No additions or changes of authorship will be allowed during the evaluation stage or after acceptance of the submitted text.

Cogitare Enfermagem is not responsible for any violations of Law No. 9.610/1998, the Brazilian Copyright Law.

Cogitare Enfermagem encourages authors to archive their accepted manuscripts, publishing them on personal blogs, institutional repositories, and academic social media, as well as posting them on their social media, as long as the full citation to the journal's website version is included."